DORA will apply to credit institutions, payment institutions, account information service providers, electronic money institutions, investment firms, crypto-asset service providers, central securities depositories, central counterparties, trading venues, trade repositories, managers of alternative investment funds, management companies, data reporting service providers, insurance and reinsurance undertakings, insurance intermediaries, reinsurance intermediaries, and ancillary insurance intermediaries, institutions for occupational retirement provision, credit rating agencies, administrators of critical benchmarks, crowdfunding service providers, securitization repositories, and ICT third-party service providers;