An Overview of HIPAA and Reproductive Health Care Privacy Rule

In April 2024, the US Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Office for Civil Right Rights (OCR) published the “Final Rule”, also known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule to Support Reproductive Health Care Privacy.

This Final Rule adds several new protections to the HIPAA Privacy Rule related to the use and disclosure of reproductive health information. Furthermore, these guardrails restrict the instances where entities subject to HIPAA may disclose an individual’s reproductive health information in relation to an investigation or proceeding against specific individuals seeking, obtaining, providing, or facilitating lawful reproductive health care.

The Final Rule became effective on June 25, 2024, and organizations subject to it are expected to comply with it by December 22, 2024.

Background Behind the Rule

The HIPAA Privacy Rule to Support Reproductive Health Care Privacy was developed in the midst of a brewing socio-political upheaval within the United States, where reproductive health-related rights have undergone significant legal and societal changes over the past few decades.

The most relevant of such changes is the overturning of Roe vs. Wade in 2022. The original Roe vs. Wade case in 1973 established the legal framework within the US on reproductive rights, specifically the right to access abortion services. With that ruling now being overturned, the legal landscape within the US has altered drastically.

Both following the 2022 reversal and preceding it, several states within the US have enacted laws that place strict limitations and restrictions on reproductive health services. These include mandatory waiting periods, counseling requirements, and outright bans on specific procedures. Consequently, such laws have created a complex and hostile environment for individuals seeking reproductive healthcare-related services.

The leaps in surveillance and data-sharing technologies have further exacerbated the aforementioned hostile environment, as it has become easier than ever to collect, store, share, and use healthcare information. While such technologies are meant to provide a greater sense of convenience for individuals, they also raise significant privacy concerns, particularly for those related to sensitive reproductive health information. The potential abuse of such information by insurers, law enforcement, as well as employers further highlights the need for robust privacy protection.

And that is precisely what makes the HIPAA Privacy Rule to Support Reproductive Health Care Privacy, or the Final Rule, so important. Developed through a highly collaborative process that involved various stakeholders such as healthcare providers, legal experts, government agencies, and reproductive rights advocacy groups, the Final Rule is the culmination of public comments, consultations, and open mic sessions by leading experts in reproductive health law and policy.

Furthermore, the OCR undertook extensive research and analysis to appropriately identify gaps in the existing privacy protections while also assessing the potential impact and effectiveness of additional safeguards. Based on the findings of such analysis, the Final Rule was drafted and put through multiple rounds of reviews and revisions to ensure all identified issues and gaps were adequately addressed.

Key Provisions of the Final Rule

The Final Rule introduces several new obligations and provisions designed to protect reproductive health-related information. Understanding these is important for both healthcare providers and patients to ensure effective compliance and the responsible exercise of these provisions.

Privacy Safeguards

Arguably, the most important aspect of the new rule is the emphasis on privacy safeguards. All the pre-existing privacy protections of HIPAA are expanded to include reproductive healthcare, including services related to contraception, pregnancy, abortion, and fertility treatments. The primary purpose is to ensure such information is protected from unauthorized access and disclosure.

The extension of such protections to reproductive health information comprehensively minimizes the likelihood of unauthorized disclosures that may lead to various adverse consequences for individuals seeking reproductive healthcare.

Permitted Uses & Disclosures

The Final Rule provides clear guidelines on how and when reproductive health information can be used or disclosed. These include:

• For Treatments: Healthcare providers may share reproductive healthcare information in instances where such information is necessary for the patient to receive appropriate care and treatment. Additionally, access to such information allows for a coordinated effort between multiple healthcare professionals and allows for precise treatment for the patient without fear of the privacy of such information.
• For Payments: Healthcare providers may share reproductive healthcare information with insurance providers or other entities that may be involved in the payment process related to reproductive healthcare information, including processing claims, requesting reimbursements, and appropriate compensation for services provided.
• For Operational Improvement: Disclosures are allowed in cases where they are necessary for healthcare operations, such as quality assessment, administrative functions, and improvement of present equipment. Such disclosures allow healthcare organizations to ensure greater efficiency within their operations while improving the quality of their healthcare services.

Prohibition of Certain Disclosures

The Final Rule also explicitly prohibits specific uses or disclosures of healthcare information. These include:

• Disclosures to Law Enforcement: Reproductive healthcare information about an individual cannot be disclosed to law enforcement agencies in the absence of a valid warrant or court order. This is meant to protect individuals from any form of unwarranted legal scrutiny or consequences related to their reproductive health-related choices.
• Discrimination: Any form of reproductive health information disclosed that may result in discrimination against the individual is strictly prohibited. This includes information that may affect an individual's employment, social services, or health insurance.

Healthcare Provider Responsibilities

Compliance with the Final Rule requires healthcare providers to undertake several responsibilities. These include:

• Training & Education: All healthcare providers must ensure appropriate staff training related to the new privacy measures and protections. Such training should be designed to ensure all relevant team members are knowledgeable about the Final Rule, its provisions, and how best to perform their responsibilities per these provisions.
• Safeguards’ Implementation: Healthcare providers must take proactive measures to implement the relevant administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to adequately protect reproductive healthcare information from any form of unauthorized disclosure, access, or use. These measures may include, but are not limited to, data encryption, access controls, and digitized records.
• Reporting & Accountability: If a healthcare provider is subject to a data breach, particularly one that compromises reproductive health information, it must report the incident without undue delay while taking all relevant precautionary and corrective measures required per the Final Rule and other provisions of HIPAA.

Individual Rights

The Final Rule provides individuals with greater control over their reproductive health information. These include:

• Access to Information: All individuals have the right to access any of their reproductive health information and request copies of such information.
• Amendment Requests: Individuals can request amendments to their reproductive health records and information if they have reasons to believe that such information might be inaccurate or incomplete.
• Restrict Disclosures: All individuals have the right to request restrictions on specific uses or disclosures of their reproductive health information. Per this right, the individual may restrict any future sharing of their information with particular individuals or entities.

How Securiti Can Help

By passing the Final Rule, the US government has taken a crucial and significant step in addressing the privacy needs relating to reproductive healthcare while also strengthening the public trust in the healthcare system.

That being said, HIPAA may seem a complicated piece of legislation for organizations to comply with. However, organizations that leverage the right tools, approach, and methodology will find this task reasonably straightforward.

This is what makes Securiti a reliable and efficient solution.

Securiti is the pioneer of the Data Command Center, a centralized platform that enables the safe use of data and GenAI. It provides unified data intelligence, controls, and orchestration across hybrid multicloud environments. Large global enterprises rely on Securiti's Data Command Center for data security, privacy, governance, and compliance.

With the Data Command Center, you’ll gain access to vital modules and solutions, such as vendor risk management and privacy notice management, that can help you seamlessly comply with HIPAA's various obligations from an easy-to-use central dashboard.

These modules, along with several others, are designed to be effective while providing real-time granular insights related to compliance.

Request a demo today and learn more about how Securiti can help your organization in its HIPAA compliance journey.