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GDPR Cookie Consent: Requirements & How to Comply?

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By Anas Baig | Reviewed By Maria Khan
Published May 24, 2022

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In today’s digital world, businesses collect a wealth of personal data, rely on it, and use it for assessing data subjects’ preferences, building their profiles, and sending targeted advertisements, promotions, customized products, and recommendations or suggestions that you see on your web browser.

For this purpose, personal data is collected, shared, disclosed, and sold via cookies and other similar tracking technologies such as pixels, beacons, local storage, and more. Since cookies identify website users, build their profiles, and collect and sell their information to several other parties including ad-tech companies, there has been a growing concern for the user’s data privacy.

Cookies are small pieces of data that are stored on the user’s terminal equipment (Terminal equipment refers to computers, laptops, mobile phones, and any other electronic device used to access the internet) every time they visit a website.

The initial purpose of cookies was to remember and recall stateful information and create a customized web page for each specific consumer. This was evolved when organizations started using cookies to analyze a consumer’s behavioral pattern and develop targeted marketing activities.

What are the two types of consent regimes?

When it comes to relying on a user’s consent as a lawful basis of data processing, global privacy regulations can be classified as either an opt-in or opt-out consent regime.

Opt-in consent

In an opt-in consent regime, user consent is required before processing their personal data, and users are explicitly asked to provide their consent and they are free to grant or deny consent. Some of the examples of opt-in consent regimes are the European Union, Brazil, and New Zealand.

Opt-out consent

In an opt-out consent regime, the user’s consent is not required before the processing of personal data. However, organizations are still required to provide users an option to object to the processing of their data and provide relevant information about the use of cookies. Some of the examples of opt-out consent regimes are the United States, Hong Kong, and Estonia.

Is European Union an opt-in consent regime?

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and e-Privacy Directive are two major laws that govern the use of cookies and other tracking technologies in the European Union (EU).

The EU’s data privacy legal framework requires data controllers to obtain opt-in consent where the data processing is based on the data subject’s consent.

The GDPR defines consent of the data subject as “any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject’s wishes by which he or she, by a statement or by a clear affirmative action, signifies agreement to the processing of personal data belonging to him or her”.

Although the GDPR does not expressly mention cookies, it classifies cookies as a type of “online identifier” meaning that cookies may be considered personal data under certain circumstances. As a result, all GDPR principles pertaining to the processing of personal data will automatically apply to the use of cookies and other similar tracking technologies.

The e-Privacy Directive further requires organizations making use of cookies and similar tracking technologies to provide clear and precise information to users about the purposes of cookies and provide users an opportunity to refuse to have a cookie stored on their terminal equipment.

Read about EDPB’s Updated Guidelines on Consent here.

How do organizations collect user consent?

Organizations subject to GDPR and e-Privacy Directive must ensure that the cookie consent banner includes the following:

  • Clear and comprehensive information about cookies:

The cookie consent banner must contain plain and understandable information about the cookies that an organization intends to use. The information must include at least, the information on the general purposes of cookies, the user’s ability to withdraw and change consent along with the method of doing so, the data controller’s name and identity, data processors’ names and identities, full list of recipients or categories of recipients who will obtain personal data through the processing of cookies, and information on individual cookie properties.

  • User’ ability to withdraw and change the consent:

The cookie consent banner must give equal prominences to accept and reject options. The user must be allowed to withdraw consent or change consent at any time, without any detriment in a user-friendly mechanism.

  • Selection and deselection of individual cookies:

The cookie consent banner must allow the selection and deselection of individual cookies by purposes and must have separate opt-in and opt-outs for separate types of cookies.

  • No pre-selected checkboxes or cookie walls:

The cookie consent banner must not have pre-selected preferences by default for non-essential cookies. Similarly, an organization must not make access to a service or functionality of a website conditional on the user’s consent to the processing of non-essential cookies. This means the use of cookie walls is prohibited.

These requirements help organizations ensure consent is freely given, specific, informed, and an unambiguous indication of users’ preferences.

Additionally, organizations must maintain up-to-date and comprehensive cookie consent records. These records must include information provided to users at the time of obtaining their consent, information of the session in which consent was expressed, consent workflow at the time of the session including subject identity, cookie category, consent status, consent date, and information on first and third parties of cookies.

user consent

How Securiti can help?

Where organizations leverage consent as a legal basis of data processing, they must ensure that all elements of valid consent are fulfilled. Securiti’s PrivacyOps approach, based on automation, enables organizations to ensure adequate fulfillment of valid consent and effective cookie consent management in the following manner:

  • Automatic scanning and cookie classification:

The first step of effective cookie consent management is automatic scanning of the website to determine what cookies and other tracking technologies a website utilizes on a data subject’s visit to the website. Automatic scanning leads to the classification of cookies and other tracking technologies as per their types and expiry periods and auto-blocking of non-essential cookies on landing pages that are not needed for the provision of the service, before the collection of data subject’s consent.

  • Cookie consent banners:

After website scanning and cookie classification, the next step is to obtain the data subject’s consent of the use of cookies and other tracking technologies. This requires organizations to deploy cookie consent banners customized to geographical locations.

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  • Preference center and honoring consent revocations:

If users choose to revoke consent at any time, the preference center enables organizations to honor their request. With the assistance of the preference center builder, organizations could easily configure and deploy a page for users to update their preferences on the use of cookies and withdraw consent. It allows organizations to immediately and adequately honor consent revocations across multiple systems.

preference center
  • Audit trail:

The audit trail enables organizations to maintain updated consent records of users’ consents as well as the types of cookies and tracking technologies they consented.

To learn more, sign up for  a Demo and learn how we can help you comply with GDPR, e-privacy, and other global regulation cookie consent requirements.


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Yes, GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) allows the use of cookies, but it imposes strict requirements on how cookies are used and requires obtaining user consent for non-essential cookies.

In GDPR, a cookie refers to a small piece of data stored on a user's device, typically within their web browser. Cookies can be used to collect and store information about a user's online behavior and preferences.

GDPR affects cookies by requiring organizations to obtain clear and informed consent from users before placing non-essential cookies on their devices. Users must be given the choice to accept or reject cookies, and organizations must provide information about the types of cookies used, their purposes, and how long they will be stored.

GDPR cookie consent refers to the explicit and informed permission that website visitors must give before non-essential cookies are placed on their devices. This consent should be obtained through a clear and user-friendly mechanism, such as a cookie banner or pop-up, and users should have the option to manage their cookie preferences.

Yes, obtaining cookie consent is mandatory under GDPR for non-essential cookies. Organizations must provide users with the ability to opt-in or opt-out of such cookies and respect their choices.

Some cookies are exempt from GDPR's cookie consent requirements if they are considered essential for the functioning of a website. These are often referred to as "strictly necessary" cookies and may include those required for login authentication or shopping cart functionality.

The GDPR does not specify a fixed duration for cookie consent. However, consent should be valid until the user withdraws it or until the purpose for which the cookies were set has been fulfilled. Users should have the option to revoke their consent at any time, and organizations should regularly review and update consent preferences.

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