Today, data security is a term far too common among all employees of an organization. From the leadership, such as the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), to frontline employees, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has had a significant impact on data security, widely recognized by all stakeholders across the organization.
Data security is crucial to protecting the personal data of individuals. The GDPR defines personal data as any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person. They are referred to as a data subject which is an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person.
Read on to learn about the importance of data security in ensuring GDPR compliance.
Why GDPR Matters
Since its inception in 2016, the EU’s GDPR has transformed the way businesses collect, process, store, and share personal and sensitive data. Businesses that violate the GDPR’s obligations risk fines of up to €20 million or 4% of their annual worldwide turnover, depending on the specifics of the violation.
As of 1 March 2025, the total cumulative GDPR fines issued amount to approximately €5.65 billion. This number demonstrates the growing regulatory enforcement across the EU and highlights the seriousness with which data protection authorities are addressing GDPR violations.
The Role of Data Security in GDPR
Robust data security is the backbone of GDPR compliance. It’s an integral part of its core principles. Without a robust data security posture, organizations risk the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of personal data as outlined in Article 32 – Security of Processing.
One critical aspect of GDPR is ensuring data security. Several GDPR Articles outline data security requirements, including:
Article 5(1)(f) – Principles Relating to Processing of Personal Data
This is the foundational principle of data security under GDPR which specifies that personal data shall be processed in a manner that ensures the appropriate security of the personal data, including protection against unauthorized or unlawful processing and accidental loss, destruction, or damage, using appropriate technical or organizational measures (‘integrity and confidentiality’).
Article 32 – Security of Processing
Another core Article detailing how data controllers and processors must ensure data security is by implementing appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure a level of security appropriate to the risk, including, among other things:
- The pseudonymisation and encryption of personal data;
- The ability to ensure the ongoing confidentiality, integrity, availability and resilience of processing systems and services;
- The ability to restore the availability and access to personal data in a timely manner in the event of a physical or technical incident;
- A process for regularly testing, assessing and evaluating the effectiveness of technical and organisational measures for ensuring the security of the processing.
Recital 83 – Security of Processing
To maintain security and prevent noncompliance with the GDPR, the controller or processor should assess the risks inherent in the processing and implement measures to mitigate those risks, such as encryption. Those measures should ensure an appropriate level of security, including confidentiality, taking into account the state of the art and the costs of implementation in relation to the risks and the nature of the personal data to be protected.
Key Steps Toward GDPR-Compliant Data Security
Here are practical steps organizations can take to align their data security practices with GDPR:
1. Understand the GDPR Principles
Organizations should begin by understanding the GDPR’s core principles, including lawfulness, fairness, transparency, data minimization, accuracy, and accountability. Once all stakeholders understand these principles, processes must be aligned with these principles for effective data security and protection.
2. Conduct a Data Audit
You can’t secure what you can’t see. Discover and classify all personal data you collect, process, store, and share, including data about clients, staff, and third parties. Determine who has access to it, where it is stored, how it flows through your systems, and for how long. This phase will help you manage and understand the data you work with.
3. Implement Strong Access Controls
A key element of data security is access control. It is a system that controls who or what may view, utilize, or access data. Ensuring that only authorized individuals, systems, or services have access to the data they require is the primary way to mitigate security threats. Leverage various access controls, such as role-based access control (RBAC) and multi-factor authentication (MFA), to restrict data access to only those who require it.
4. Use Encryption and Pseudonymization
Data security strategies, such as encryption and pseudonymization, are employed to secure personal data. By converting data into an unrecognizable format, encryption maintains secrecy and limits access to only those who are permitted. On the other hand, pseudonymization enables the use of data while preserving privacy by substituting pseudonyms for personally identifiable information (PII). Ensuring encryption of data at rest and in transit is core to mitigating data exposure in the event of a data breach.
5. Maintain Data Minimization Practices
By limiting data collection, retention, and processing to what is strictly necessary, organizations can ensure compliance and reduce data breach risks. As a best practice, only collect data that’s necessary for providing the intended good or service, as it's required for the purpose, and do not retain it longer than necessary.
6. Prepare for Data Breaches
Data security is one thing; having a data breach response plan is another. In the event of a personal data breach, the controller shall, without undue delay and, where feasible, within 72 hours after becoming aware of it, notify the competent supervisory authority of the personal data breach. To honor that obligation, organizations should have an incident response plan in place.
7. Train Your Staff
Employees are often the weakest link in data security. Regular training can prevent costly mistakes. Provide employees with relevant data security training to enhance their data security knowledge and skills, which are essential for their current or future roles, thereby improving their capabilities, productivity, and overall data security posture.
Data Governance + Data Security Posture Management = Compliance
Compliance isn’t a checkbox. It’s a result of structured processes and robust defences that ensure the utmost security of personal data. GDPR compliance is strategically achieved through data governance, which ensures you're doing the right things, and data security posture management (DSPM), which ensures you're doing those things securely.
Strong data governance tells you where your data is. DSPM tells you how safe it is.
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The platform offers a built-in DSPM solution that enables organizations to secure sensitive data across multiple public clouds, private clouds, data lakes and warehouses, and SaaS applications, protecting both data at rest and in motion.
Organizations can leverage contextual data intelligence and controls to discover and classify data, minimize ROT data risk, reduce misconfiguration vulnerabilities, prevent unauthorized data access, understand data flow, and enforce consistent security controls across the data journey, including real-time streaming data, in addition to managing compliance and breach risk.
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